Evaluation of FOXP3 Treg and their Correlation with Heat Shock Protein 90 in Breast Cancer Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58564/AIMCJ3.1.2026.138Keywords:
breast cancer, FOXP3, HSP90Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Many individuals are still diagnosed at advanced stages, and its incidence continues to rise due to lifestyle, hormonal, and hereditary factors.
The disease is biologically diverse, with molecular subtypes (luminal, HER2-positive, triple-negative) that influence prognosis and therapy. Despite progress in screening and targeted treatments, recurrence and therapy resistance remain major challenges, highlighting the need for new prognostic markers and improved therapeutic strategies.
The study aims to evaluate immunological markers to assess the prognostic value of Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3). Positive Tregs and their correlation with Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP-90) in breast cancer. This case-control study, conducted over three months (November 2024 to February 2025), included 140 females from the Baghdad Medical City (Oncology Educational Hospital) who underwent a three-milliliter blood aspiration. Participants were divided into two groups; one group consisted of 70 patients with breast cancer, while the other group consisted of 70 apparently healthy people (control group). ELISA measured serum levels of FOXP3 and HSP-90. Participants provided demographic information, including age, sex, family history, and medical history. The study samples ranged in age from 19 to 85 years, with a mean age of 49.86 ± 12.71 years. The majority of the sample (46.4%) was in the 46-60 age range. Women with breast cancer had significantly higher mean values of HSP-90 than the control group (P<0.001). In contrast, women with breast cancer had significantly higher mean levels of the immune protein Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) than the control group (P<0.001).
Immunological markers can be used for the analytical evaluation of FOXP3 and HSP-90 in breast cancer patients and are proposed as indicators for early diagnosis.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Tuqa A. Nuaman, Hayfaa Mahmood Fahad, Rafid Munir Shaker
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