Assessment of Serum Levels of CA19-9 and Amylin in Relation to Glycemic Control in Type-2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Both carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and amylin are pancreatic biomarkers that are highly affected by the metabolic stress associated with diabetes. Therefore, studying these two biomarkers reflects the metabolic status related to glycemic control. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 patients with type 2 diabetes at the National Diabetes Center from October 2025 to April 2026. Patients were divided into two equal groups based on their glycemic control. ELISA was used to measure serum CA19-9 and amylin levels, and the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results showed a significant increase in both CA19-9 and amylin in the group of patients with poor glycemic control (p=0.001), and a positive correlation was observed between CA19-9 and amylin in all patients (r = 0.5219, p=0.0001). Statistical analysis of the ROC curve demonstrated the high discriminatory power of CA19-9 and amylin in distinguishing between patients with good and poor glycemic control. This study concluded that poor glycemic control is strongly associated with elevated CA19-9 and amylin levels, as well as being interrelated, possibly due to the effect of glucose toxicity. Therefore, the combined assessment of these biomarkers may provide additional clinical information for evaluating metabolic stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.